While a large body of literature exists regarding the impact of an enlarged prostate, less is known about the role of PVR, PV, and TRUS in the diagnostic evaluation of bladder obstruction and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Sonographically, BPH will show an expansion of the transition zone (TZ), and it can lead to hypoechoic areas within the prostate, calcifications, inhomogeneity, and cystic changes. If the condition is left untreated, continued enlargement of the prostate transition zone eventually obstructs the urethra completely, and emergency measures become necessary to empty the bladder. Therefore, urination becomes increasingly difficult, and the bladder never feels wholly emptied. The problem is that an enlarged prostate can obstruct the flow of urine through the urethra. Table 1: Risk Factors of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. BPH is associated with incomplete bladder emptying, weak stream, hesitancy, urinary frequency, urgency, blood in urine, and nocturia (Table 1). The symptoms vary, but most commonly involve changes or problems with urination. At birth, the prostate is about the size of an almond.īPH is diagnosed with the digital rectal examination(DRE), cystoscopy, transrectal prostate ultrasound and urodynamic, prostate-specific antigen(PSA), urinalysis and culture and bladder ultrasound. Its size changes with age but in adults, it is often about the size of a walnut (National Cancer Institute, 2012). Because of its position around the urethra, enlargement of the prostate quickly interferes with the regular passage of urine from the bladder. The prostate gland surrounds the bladder neck and urethra in men. The tube passes vertically through the prostate gland. The urethra is a thin-walled tube extending from the trigone to the external urethral orifice (National Cancer Institute, 2012). The prostate gland is located below the bladder, inferior to the seminal vesicles, anterior to the rectum and surrounds the urethra. The primary function of the prostate is to make fluid for semen (National Cancer Institute, 2012). The prostate gland is part of the male urinary system. Although BPH is associated with quality of life issues, it is not life-threatening, and it does not lead to prostate carcinoma. BPH is also the abnormal proliferation of prostatic cells associated with voiding dysfunctions such as lower urinary tracts infection including urinary retention. Many researchers have noted the correlation between age and the prostate gland volume. An enlarged prostate, also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia or benign prostatic hypertrophy is common as a man ages and is present in 50% of 60 years old increasing to 90% by age 80 years (Urology Care Foundation). After the urologist’s finger, ultrasound is the first line of diagnostic imaging used to detect an enlarged prostate.īPH is a condition of older men, and its incidence has increased over the years. Although inexpensive and noninvasive, ultrasound technology is not associated with harmful radiation. UST has been used in the area of prostate volume measurement, echotexture, and illustration of tissue stiffness or elasticity of the prostate gland. This case report will make an essential contribution to the existing literature and can enhance positive social changes by providing an in-depth understanding of the diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound technology in the evaluation of BPH.īenign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) is a frequently diagnosed condition for which ultrasound technology(UST) has a unique role in diagnosis. The results show that an enlarged prostate and bladder disease may be evaluated using post-void residual urine measurement of the bladder, abdominal prostate ultrasound and evaluation of the prostate using the transrectal ultrasound method. The case presented describes a patient with urinary symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate and bladder obstruction. Benign prostate hypertrophy(BPH) is a common complaint in older men with clinical outcomes such as urinary hesitancy, bladder distention, and other signs of bladder outlet obstruction. This case report aimed to evaluate the sonographic usefulness of gray-scale transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), transabdominal prostate ultrasound (TAPUS) and post-void residual (PVR) urine volume in the detection of an enlarged prostate.
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